Aviation protocol conversion

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for recording and communicating engine data are provided. One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for encapsulating data. The method includes receiving, by one or more computing devices, a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The method includes encapsulating, by the one or more computing devices, the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format. The method includes transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the packet via an Ethernet connection.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/356,678, entitled “AVIATION PROTOCOL CONVERSION,” filed Jun. 30, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

FIELD

The present subject matter relates generally to aviation systems.

BACKGROUND

An aerial vehicle can include one or more engines for propulsion of the aerial vehicle. The one or more engines can include and/or can be in communication with one or more electronic engine controllers (EECs). The one or more EECs can record data related to the one or more engines. If the data resides on the EECs, then it can be difficult for a ground system to use the data. Automated engine data transfer replaces manual data retrieval and increases the availability of data at the ground system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be learned from the description, or may be learned through practice of the embodiments.

One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes one or more memory devices. The wireless communication unit includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format. The one or more processors are configured to transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection.

Other example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to systems, methods, aircrafts, engines, controllers, devices, non-transitory computer-readable media for recording and communicating engine data. Variations and modifications can be made to these example aspects of the present disclosure.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of various embodiments will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the related principles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Detailed discussion of embodiments directed to one of ordinary skill in the art are set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:

FIG. 1 depicts an aerial vehicle according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 depicts an engine according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 depicts a wireless communication system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an example method according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 depicts a computing system for implementing one or more aspects according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 depicts a data flow diagram according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram according to example embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 8 depicts a presentation of data encapsulation according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the embodiments, not limitation of the embodiments. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The use of the term “about” in conjunction with a numerical value refers to within 25% of the stated amount.

Example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods and systems for recording and communicating engine data on an aerial vehicle. The aerial vehicle can include one or more engines for operations, such as propulsion of the aerial vehicle. The one or more engines can include and/or be in communication with one or more electronic engine controllers (EECs).

According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more engines and/or the one or more EECs can include and/or can be in communication with one or more wireless communication units (WCUs). During flight or other operation of the aerial vehicle, the one or more EECs can record data related to the one or more engines and can communicate (e.g., transmit, send, push, etc.) the data to the one or more WCUs, where the WCUs can store the data in a memory. Each EEC can communicate the data to its own associated WCU. In addition and/or in the alternative, each EEC can communicate data to a single WCU located on the aerial vehicle. Upon the occurrence of a particular trigger condition (e.g., when the aerial vehicle lands), the one or more WCUs can communicate the data to a ground system over a wireless network, such as a cellular network.

In some embodiments, the WCU can be adaptable for communication with the EEC via a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface. The WCU can be adaptable for communication with the ground system via an antenna. The WCU can transmit information received from the EEC to the ground system. The ground system can use the information received from the WCU to determine a status (e.g., state, health, etc.) of an engine associated with the WCU. In addition, the WCU can be adaptable for communication with a portable maintenance access terminal (PMAT) for maintenance.

According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the WCU can include an Engine Control Expansion Bus (ECEB) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design. The WCU include one or more FPGAs. The WCU can receive one or more messages via an aviation messaging protocol over, for instance, a TIA-485 interface. The WCU can distribute the one or more messages among the one or more FPGAs. The one or more FPGAs can encapsulate the one or more messages into one or more packets, wherein the one or more packets have a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) format. The WCU can multiplex the one or more packets into a stream. The WCU can transmit the stream via an Ethernet connection.

One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes one or more memory devices. The wireless communication unit includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format. The one or more processors are configured to transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection.

In an embodiment, the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to receive a second message via the aviation messaging protocol. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream. In an embodiment, transmitting the packet via an Ethernet connection further includes transmitting the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection. In an embodiment, the one or more processors include a field-programmable gate array. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.

Another example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for encapsulating data. The method includes receiving, by one or more computing devices, a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The method includes encapsulating, by the one or more computing devices, the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) format. The method includes transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the packet via an Ethernet connection.

In an embodiment, the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface. In an embodiment, the method includes receiving, by the one or more computing devices, a second message via the aviation messaging protocol. In an embodiment, the method includes encapsulating, by the one or more computing devices, the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format. In an embodiment, the method includes multiplexing, by the one or more computing devices, the first message and the second message into a stream. In an embodiment, transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the packet via an Ethernet connection further includes transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the stream including the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection. In an embodiment, the one or more computing devices include a field-programmable gate array. In an embodiment, a wireless communication unit includes the one or more computing devices. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.

Another example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for encapsulating data. The system includes a wireless communication unit (WCU). The WCU includes one or more memory devices. The WCU includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) format. The one or more processors are configured to transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection.

In an embodiment, the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to receive a second message via the aviation messaging protocol. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream. In an embodiment, transmitting the packet via an Ethernet connection further includes transmitting the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection. In an embodiment, the one or more processors include a field-programmable gate array. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.

Another example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to an aerial vehicle. The aerial vehicle includes a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes one or more memory devices. The wireless communication unit includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol. The one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format. The one or more processors are configured to transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection.

In an embodiment, the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to receive a second message via the aviation messaging protocol. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to encapsulate the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format. In an embodiment, the one or more processors are configured to multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream. In an embodiment, transmitting the packet via an Ethernet connection further includes transmitting the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection. In an embodiment, the one or more processors include a field-programmable gate array. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine. In an embodiment, the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of an aerial vehicle 100 according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The aerial vehicle 100 can include one or more engines 102. The one or more engines 102 can cause operations, such as propulsion, of the aerial vehicle 100. An engine 102 can include a nacelle 50 for housing components. An engine 102 can be a gas turbine engine. A gas turbine engine generally includes a fan and a core arranged in flow communication with one another. Additionally, the core of the gas turbine engine generally includes, in serial flow order, a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section. In operation, air is provided from the fan to an inlet of the compressor section where one or more axial compressors progressively compress the air until it reaches the combustion section. Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and burned within the combustion section to provide combustion gases. The combustion gases are routed from the combustion section to the turbine section. The flow of combustion gases through the turbine section drives the turbine section and is then routed through the exhaust section, e.g., to atmosphere.

The one or more engines 102 can include and/or be in communication with one or more electronic engine controllers (EECs) 104. The one or more engines 102 and/or the one or more EECs 104 can include and/or be in communication with one or more wireless communication units (WCUs) 106. The one or more EECs 104 can record data related to the one or more engines 102 and communicate (e.g., transmit, send, push, etc.) the data to the one or more WCUs 106. The one or more WCUs 106 can communicate the data to a ground system via, for instance, an antenna positioned and configured within the nacelle 50.

FIG. 2 depicts an engine 102 according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The engine 102 can be one of the one or more engines 102 on the aerial vehicle 100 in FIG. 1. More particularly, for the embodiment of FIG. 2, the engine 102 is configured as a gas turbine engine, or rather as a high-bypass turbofan jet engine 102, referred to herein as “turbofan engine 102.” Those of ordinary skill in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, will understand that WCUs can be used in conjunction with other types of propulsion engines without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 2, the turbofan engine 102 defines an axial direction A (extending parallel to a longitudinal centerline 13 provided for reference), a radial direction R, and a circumferential direction (not shown) extending about the axial direction A. In general, the turbofan includes a fan section 14 and a core turbine engine 16 disposed downstream from the fan section 14.

The exemplary core turbine engine 16 depicted generally includes a substantially tubular outer casing 18 that defines an annular inlet 20. The outer casing 18 encases and the core turbine engine 16 includes, in serial flow relationship, a compressor section including a booster or low pressure (LP) compressor 22 and a high pressure (HP) compressor 24; a combustion section 26; a turbine section including a high pressure (HP) turbine 28 and a low pressure (LP) turbine 30; and a jet exhaust nozzle section 32. A high pressure (HP) shaft or spool 34 drivingly connects the HP turbine 28 to the HP compressor 24. A low pressure (LP) shaft or spool 36 drivingly connects the LP turbine 30 to the LP compressor 22. Accordingly, the LP shaft 36 and HP shaft 34 are each rotary components, rotating about the axial direction A during operation of the turbofan engine 102.

In order to support such rotary components, the turbofan engine includes a plurality of air bearings 80 attached to various structural components within the turbofan engine 102. Specifically, for the embodiment depicted the bearings 80 facilitate rotation of, e.g., the LP shaft 36 and HP shaft 34 and dampen vibrational energy imparted to bearings 80 during operation of the turbofan engine 102. Although the bearings 80 are described and illustrated as being located generally at forward and aft ends of the respective LP shaft 36 and HP shaft 34, the bearings 80 may additionally, or alternatively, be located at any desired location along the LP shaft 36 and HP shaft 34 including, but not limited to, central or mid-span regions of the shafts 34, 36, or other locations along shafts 34, 36 where the use of conventional bearings 80 would present significant design challenges. Further, bearings 80 may be used in combination with conventional oil-lubricated bearings. For example, in one embodiment, conventional oil-lubricated bearings may be located at the ends of shafts 34, 36, and one or more bearings 80 may be located along central or mid-span regions of shafts 34, 36.

Referring still to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the fan section 14 includes a fan 38 having a plurality of fan blades 40 coupled to a disk 42 in a spaced apart manner. As depicted, the fan blades 40 extend outwardly from disk 42 generally along the radial direction R. Each fan blade 40 is rotatable relative to the disk 42 about a pitch axis P by virtue of the fan blades 40 being operatively coupled to a suitable pitch change mechanism 44 configured to collectively vary the pitch of the fan blades 40 in unison. The fan blades 40, disk 42, and pitch change mechanism 44 are together rotatable about the longitudinal axis 13 by LP shaft 36 across a power gear box 46. The power gear box 46 includes a plurality of gears for adjusting the rotational speed of the fan 38 relative to the LP shaft 36 to a more efficient rotational fan speed. More particularly, the fan section includes a fan shaft rotatable by the LP shaft 36 across the power gearbox 46. Accordingly, the fan shaft may also be considered a rotary component, and is similarly supported by one or more bearings.

Referring still to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the disk 42 is covered by a rotatable front hub 48 aerodynamically contoured to promote an airflow through the plurality of fan blades 40. Additionally, the exemplary fan section 14 includes an annular fan casing or outer nacelle 50 that circumferentially surrounds the fan 38 and/or at least a portion of the core turbine engine 16. The exemplary nacelle 50 is supported relative to the core turbine engine 16 by a plurality of circumferentially-spaced outlet guide vanes 52. Moreover, a downstream section 54 of the nacelle 50 extends over an outer portion of the core turbine engine 16 so as to define a bypass airflow passage 56 therebetween.

During operation of the turbofan engine 102, a volume of air 58 enters the turbofan through an associated inlet 60 of the nacelle 50 and/or fan section 14. As the volume of air 58 passes across the fan blades 40, a first portion of the air 58 as indicated by arrows 62 is directed or routed into the bypass airflow passage 56 and a second portion of the air 58 as indicated by arrow 64 is directed or routed into the core air flowpath, or more specifically into the LP compressor 22. The ratio between the first portion of air 62 and the second portion of air 64 is commonly known as a bypass ratio. The pressure of the second portion of air 64 is then increased as it is routed through the high pressure (HP) compressor 24 and into the combustion section 26, where it is mixed with fuel and burned to provide combustion gases 66.

The combustion gases 66 are routed through the HP turbine 28 where a portion of thermal and/or kinetic energy from the combustion gases 66 is extracted via sequential stages of HP turbine stator vanes 68 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and HP turbine rotor blades 70 that are coupled to the HP shaft or spool 34, thus causing the HP shaft or spool 34 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the HP compressor 24. The combustion gases 66 are then routed through the LP turbine 30 where a second portion of thermal and kinetic energy is extracted from the combustion gases 66 via sequential stages of LP turbine stator vanes 72 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and LP turbine rotor blades 74 that are coupled to the LP shaft or spool 36, thus causing the LP shaft or spool 36 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the LP compressor 22 and/or rotation of the fan 38.

The combustion gases 66 are subsequently routed through the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 of the core turbine engine 16 to provide propulsive thrust. Simultaneously, the pressure of the first portion of air 62 is substantially increased as the first portion of air 62 is routed through the bypass airflow passage 56 before it is exhausted from a fan nozzle exhaust section 76 of the turbofan, also providing propulsive thrust. The HP turbine 28, the LP turbine 30, and the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 at least partially define a hot gas path 78 for routing the combustion gases 66 through the core turbine engine 16.

It should be appreciated, however, that the exemplary turbofan engine 102 depicted in FIG. 2 is provided by way of example only, and that in other exemplary embodiments, the turbofan engine 102 may have any other suitable configuration. It should also be appreciated, that in still other exemplary embodiments, aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into any other suitable gas turbine engine or other propulsion engine. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into, e.g., a turboprop engine, a turboshaft engine, or a turbojet engine. Further, in still other embodiments, aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into any other suitable turbomachine, including, without limitation, a steam turbine, a centrifugal compressor, and/or a turbocharger.

According to example aspects of the present disclosure, the engine 102 can include an electronic engine controller (EEC) 104. The EEC 104 can record operational and performance data for the engine 102. The EEC 104 can be in communication with a wireless communication unit (WCU) 106. The WCU 106 can be mounted on the engine 102. The EEC 104 and the WCU 106 can communicate using wireless and/or wired communications. In some embodiments, the communication with the EEC 104 and the WCU 106 can be one-way communication (e.g., the EEC 104 to the WCU 106). In some embodiments, the communication with the EEC 104 and the WCU 106 can be two-way communication. The nacelle 50 can include an antenna (not shown). In another aspect, the antenna can be integrated with the WCU 106.

FIG. 3 depicts a wireless communication system (WCS) 300 according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 300 can include a wireless communication unit (WCU) 302. The WCU 302 can be the WCU 106 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The WCU 302 can be in communication with an electronic engine controller (EEC) 304 over a suitable interface 306. The EEC 304 can be the same as the EEC 104 of FIGS. 1 and 2. In some embodiments, the interface 306 can be, for instance, a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface 306.

In particular implementations, the WCU 302 and the EEC 304 can communicate via a connection 308 with, for instance, the TIA-485 interface 306. The connection 308 can, for example, accommodate other interfaces, such as an Ethernet connection, a wireless connection, or other interface. The connection 308 can be, for example, a wired connection, such as, for example, an Ethernet connection. The connection 308 can be, for example, a wireless connection, such as, for example, a BlueTooth® connection. The WCU 302 can transmit addressing (e.g., memory location, bit size, etc.) information and/or acknowledgements 310 to the EEC 304 via the connection 308. The WCU 302 can receive data 312 from the EEC 304 via the connection 308 and can store the data in one or more memory devices. The data 312 can be, for instance, continuous engine operation data, such as thrust level inputs, engine response to thrust level inputs, vibration, flameout, fuel consumption, ignition state, N1 rotation, N2 rotation, N3 rotation, anti-ice capability, fuel filter state, fuel valve state, oil filter state, etc.

The WCU 302 can be configured to communicate the data 312 over a wireless network via an antenna 314 upon the occurrence of one or more trigger conditions, such as trigger conditions based on signals indicative of an aircraft being on the ground or near the ground. In some embodiments, the antenna 314 can be integrated into the WCU 302. In some embodiments, the WCU 302 can include a radio frequency (RF) interface 316. In an embodiment, the antenna 314 can be in communication with the RF interface 316 via an RF cable 318. In an embodiment, the antenna 314 can be placed in the nacelle 50 of an aircraft 102. The nacelle 50 of an aerial vehicle 100 can be made of conductive materials, which can obstruct cellular reception and transmission. In some embodiments, the antenna can be a directional antenna that is oriented near one or more gaps in the nacelle 50 to permit the antenna 314 to communicate directionally outside of the nacelle 50 when the aerial vehicle 100 is landing or upon the occurrence of other trigger conditions.

In some embodiments, the WCU 302 can include an interface for communicating with a portable maintenance access terminal (PMAT) 320. The access terminal can be implemented, for instance, on a laptop, tablet, mobile device, or other suitable computing device. The interface can be, for instance, a Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) interface 322 or other suitable interface. The PMAT 320 can be used by a maintenance person to calibrate, troubleshoot, initialize, test, etc. the WCU 302.

The WCU 302 can communicate using wireless communication. The wireless communication can be performed using any suitable wireless technique and/or protocol. For example, the wireless communication can be performed using peer-to-peer communications, network communications, cellular-based communications, satellite-based communications, etc. As another example, the wireless communications can be performed using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an example method (400) for encapsulating data. The method of FIG. 4 can be implemented using, for instance, the WCU 302 of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 depicts steps performed in a particular order for purposes of illustration and discussion. Those of ordinary skill in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, will understand that various steps of any of the methods disclosed herein can be adapted, modified, rearranged, or modified in various ways without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

At (402), a message can be received via an aviation messaging protocol. For instance, the WCU 302 can receive a message from the EEC 304 via an aviation messaging protocol. The WCU 302 can be associated with an engine and/or an aerial vehicle. The aviation messaging protocol can be communicated over a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface. The WCU 302 can comprise one or more processors and/or one or more computing devices. The WCU 302 can comprise one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). At (404), the message can be encapsulated in a packet. For instance, the WCU 302 can encapsulate the message in a packet. The packet can include a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) format. At (406), the packet can be transmitted via an Ethernet connection. For instance, the WCU 302 can transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection.

Optionally, a second message can be received via the aviation messaging protocol. For instance, the WCU 302 can receive a second message from the EEC 304 via the aviation messaging protocol. The second message can be encapsulated in a second packet. For instance, the WCU 302 can encapsulate the second message in a second packet. The second packet can include the UDP format. The first message and the second message can be multiplexed into a stream. For instance, the WCU 302 can multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream. The stream comprising the first and second messages can be transmitted via the Ethernet connection. For instance, the WCU 302 can transmit the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection.

FIG. 5 depicts a block diagram of an example computing system that can be used to implement a wireless communication unit (WCU) 500, such as WCU 302, or other systems according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the WCU 500 can include one or more computing device(s) 502. The one or more computing device(s) 502 can include one or more processor(s) 504 and one or more memory device(s) 506. The one or more processor(s) 504 can include any suitable processing device, such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, integrated circuit, logic device, or other suitable processing device. The one or more memory device(s) 506 can include one or more computer-readable media, including, but not limited to, non-transitory computer-readable media, RAM, ROM, hard drives, flash drives, or other memory devices.

The one or more memory device(s) 506 can store information accessible by the one or more processor(s) 504, including computer-readable instructions 508 that can be executed by the one or more processor(s) 504. The instructions 508 can be any set of instructions that when executed by the one or more processor(s) 504, cause the one or more processor(s) 504 to perform operations. The instructions 508 can be software written in any suitable programming language or can be implemented in hardware. In some embodiments, the instructions 508 can be executed by the one or more processor(s) 504 to cause the one or more processor(s) 504 to perform operations, such as the operations for recording and communicating engine data, as described with reference to FIG. 4, and/or any other operations or functions of the one or more computing device(s) 502.

The memory device(s) 506 can further store data 510 that can be accessed by the processors 504. For example, the data 510 can include data associated with engine performance, engine operation, engine failure, errors in engine performance, errors in engine operation, errors in engine behavior, expected engine behavior, actual engine behavior, etc., as described herein. The data 510 can include one or more table(s), function(s), algorithm(s), model(s), equation(s), etc. according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

The one or more computing device(s) 502 can also include a communication interface 512 used to communicate, for example, with the other components of system. For example, the communication interface 512 can accommodate communications with the EEC 304, the antenna 314, the PMAT 320, a ground control system, other WCUs 302, a central computing device, any other device, and/or any combination of the foregoing. The communication interface 512 can include any suitable components for interfacing with one or more network(s), including for example, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, ports, controllers, antennas, or other suitable components.

FIG. 6 depicts a data flow diagram according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. Ethernet packets from an Ethernet interface 600 can be converted to data according to an aviation messaging protocol, such as a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface. Ethernet packets from an Ethernet interface can be received at one or more packet buffers 602, 604. The packets in the one or more packet buffers 602, 604 can be parsed by one or more packet parsers 606. The one or more packet parsers 606 can convert the packets into data with a format of the aviation messaging protocol. The one or more packet parsers 600 can transmit the data to one or more transmit buffers 608, 610. The one or more transmit buffers 608, 610 can transmit the data to one or more Engine Control Expansion Bus (ECEB) universal asynchronous receiver/transmitters (UARTs) 612, 614. The one or more ECEB UARTS 612, 614 can transmit the data to one or more memory devices and/or one or more processors configured to interpret data with the format of the aviation messaging protocol.

Data according to an aviation messaging protocol, such as a data communicated over Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface can be converted to Ethernet packets from an Ethernet interface. The one or more ECEB UARTs 612, 614 can receive data with the format of the aviation messaging protocol. The ECEB UARTs 612, 614 can transmit the data to one or more data receive buffers 616, 618. The one or more data receive buffers 616, 618, 620, 622 can transmit the data to the Ethernet interface 600. The Ethernet interface 600 can encapsulate the data into packets. The Ethernet interface 600 can transmit the packets to one or more memory devices and/or one or more processors configured to interpret the Ethernet packets.

FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. Ethernet packets from an Ethernet interface can be converted to data according to an aviation messaging protocol, such as data communicated over a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TIA-485 interface. Ethernet packets from an Ethernet interface can be received via Ethernet Internet Protocol (IP) 700 at a packetizer 702. The packetizer 702 can transmit the packets to a receive buffer 704, 706. The packetizer 702 can transmit the packet to a packet parser 708. A serializer 710, 714/framer 712, 716 can convert the packets into data with a format of the aviation messaging protocol. The packet parser 708 can transmit the data to one or more blocks 718. The one or more blocks 718 can include one or more memory devices 722 and/or one or more processors 720 configured to interpret data with the format of the aviation messaging protocol. The one or more blocks 718 can add a data validity verification (e.g., cyclic redundancy check (CRC), etc.) to the data. The data can be framed according to the aviation messaging protocol. The one or more blocks 718 can transmit the data to one or more memory devices and/or one or more processors configured to interpret data with the format of the aviation messaging protocol.

Data according to an aviation messaging protocol can be converted to Ethernet packets for an Ethernet interface 700. The one or more blocks 718 can verify the data via the data validity verification. The one or more blocks 718 can encapsulate the verified data. The data can be transmitted to a transmit buffer 724. The transmit buffer 724 can transmit the data to the packetizier 702. The packetizier 702 can encapsulate the data into a packet. The packetizer 702 can transmit the packet via an Ethernet interface.

FIG. 8 depicts a presentation of data encapsulation according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The data needed for the one or more ECEB UARTs can be framed in an application layer protocol frame 800. The application layer protocol frame 800 can be a payload of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-transport layer protocol frame 802. The UDP-transport layer protocol frame 802 can be a payload of an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)-internet layer protocol packet 804. The IPv4-internet layer protocol packet 804 can be a frame payload for a link layer protocol frame 806.

Although specific features of various embodiments may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. In accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, any feature of a drawing may be referenced and/or claimed in combination with any feature of any other drawing.

This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication unit (WCU) comprising: one or more memory devices; and one or more processors configured to: (i) receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol; (ii) encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format; and (iii) transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection; wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: (iv) receive a second message via the aviation messaging protocol; (v) encapsulate the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format; and (vi) multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream.
 2. The wireless communication unit of claim 1, wherein the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface.
 3. The wireless communication unit of claim 1, wherein transmitting the packet via an Ethernet connection further comprises transmitting the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection.
 4. The wireless communication unit of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more processors comprises one or more field-programmable gate arrays.
 5. The wireless communication unit of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine.
 6. The wireless communication unit of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.
 7. The wireless communication unit of claim 5, wherein the one or more memory devices comprise structures for storing information relating to continuous engine performance, the information including at least one of thrust levels, vibration, flameout, anti-icing capability, and fuel valve state data.
 8. The wireless communication unit of claim 6, wherein the WCU is further configured to communicate vehicle operational data upon occurrence of one or more trigger conditions indicating when the aerial vehicle is near the ground.
 9. A method for encapsulating data comprising: (i) receiving, by one or more computing devices, a message via an aviation messaging protocol; (ii) encapsulating, by the one or more computing devices, the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format; and (iii) transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the packet via an Ethernet connection; and further comprising: (iv) receiving, by the one or more computing devices, a second message, via the aviation messaging protocol; (v) encapsulating, by the one or more computing devices, the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format; and (vi) multiplexing, by the one or more computing devices, the first message and the second message into a stream.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface.
 11. A The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the packet via an Ethernet connection further comprises transmitting, by the one or more computing devices, the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more computing devices comprise a field-programmable gate array.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein a wireless communication unit comprises the one or more computing devices.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wireless communication unit is associated with an engine.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the wireless communication unit is associated with an aerial vehicle.
 16. A system for encapsulating data comprising: a wireless communication unit (WCU) comprising: (a) one or more memory devices; and, (b) one or more processors configured to: (i) receive a message via an aviation messaging protocol; (ii) encapsulate the message in a packet, wherein the packet comprises a User Datagram Protocol format; and (iii) transmit the packet via an Ethernet connection; wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: (iv) receive a second message via the aviation messaging protocol; (v) encapsulate the second message in a second packet, wherein the second packet comprises the User Datagram Protocol format; and (vi) multiplex the first message and the second message into a stream.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the aviation messaging protocol is a Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-485 interface.
 18. The system of claim 16, wherein transmitting the packet via an Ethernet connection further comprises transmitting the stream comprising the first and second messages via the Ethernet connection.
 19. The system of claim 16, wherein each of the one or more processors comprises one or more field- programmable gate arrays.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the WCU further comprises an interface for two-way communication with a portable maintenance access terminal which can be used, for example, to calibrate, troubleshoot, initiate and test the WCU. 